Momwe GSD ndi mitundu yonyamula ma drone imakhudzira kulondola kwachitsanzo cha 3D

M'nkhani yapitayi Momwe mfundo zowongolera pansi ndi data ya PPK zimakhudzira kulondola kwachitsanzo cha 3D, tanena kuti kuwonjezera pa data ya GCPs ndi PPK, GSD ndi drone yonyamulira imakhalanso ndi gawo lina lazokhudza kulondola kwachibale kwa 3D. model.Choncho timayesanso kuti titsimikizire.

Kuyesera 1: zotsatira za GSD pa kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D;

Chikhalidwe 1

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	Zithunzi za GCPs	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	AYI	AYI

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	DS1 (L0-L1)	DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.010
	8.706	8.69	8.65	0.016	0.056
	10.961	10.89	10.90	0.071	0.061
2	7.010	6.88	6.86	0.130	0.150
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.38	10.37	0.030	0.040
5	10.718	10.65	10.68	0.068	0.038
6	13.787	13.72	13.71	0.067	0.077
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.49	0.086	0.036
	13.797	13.83	13.77	-0.033	0.027
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.024
10	2.109	1.98	2.09	0.129	0.019
	4.281	4.14	4.19	0.141	0.091
11	14.675	14.55	14.64	0.125	0.035
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.38	0.034	0.014
13	12.940	12.95	12.91	-0.010	0.030
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.010
15	13.371	13.36	13.38	0.011	-0.009
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.70	0.002	0.042
17	6.022	6.03	5.99	-0.008	0.032
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.12	0.030	0.000
	14.411	14.40	14.37	0.011	0.041
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.037
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: DS1 = 0.0397m, DS2 = 0.0356m

Chikhalidwe 2

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	Zithunzi za GCPs	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	Inde	Ayi

Zotsatira Gulu 2:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	DS1 (L0-L1)	DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.21	0.030	0
	8.706	8.68	8.68	0.026	0.026
	10.961	10.91	10.87	0.051	0.091
2	7.010	6.92	6.88	0.090	0.13
3	1.822	1.79	1.76	0.032	0.062
4	10.410	10.39	10.38	0.020	0.03
5	10.718	10.66	10.72	0.058	-0.002
6	13.787	13.77	13.79	0.017	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.47	7.53	0.056	-0.004
	13.797	13.83	13.78	-0.033	0.017
9	10.374	10.34	10.37	0.034	0.004
10	2.109	2.03	2.11	0.079	-0.001
	4.281	4.18	4.28	0.101	0.001
11	14.675	14.59	14.67	0.085	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.35	13.39	0.044	0.004
13	12.940	12.92	12.9	0.020	0.04
14	7.190	7.21	7.19	-0.020	0
15	13.371	13.36	13.37	0.011	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.72	3.7	0.022	0.042
17	6.022	6.00	5.98	0.022	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.09	8.07	0.030	0.05
	14.411	14.41	14.38	0.001	0.031
20	6.077	6.03	6.04	0.047	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: DS1=0.0328m,DS2=0.0259m

Chikhalidwe 3

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	Zithunzi za GCPs	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	AYI	INDE

Zotsatira Table 3:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	DS1 (L0-L1)	DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.20	0.01	0.01
	8.706	8.71	8.69	0.00	0.02
	10.961	10.87	10.88	0.09	0.08
2	7.010	6.89	6.87	0.12	0.14
3	1.822	1.79	1.75	0.03	0.07
4	10.410	10.39	10.38	0.02	0.03
5	10.718	10.67	10.69	0.05	0.03
6	13.787	13.75	13.78	0.04	0.01
7	11.404	11.39	11.38	0.01	0.02
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.02	0.03
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.78	0.01	0.02
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.02	0.03
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.21	0.13	0.07
11	14.675	14.61	14.65	0.07	0.03
	8.600	8.60	8.57	0.00	0.03
12	13.394	13.37	13.40	0.02	-0.01
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.38	0.01	-0.01
	6.435	6.40	6.46	0.03	-0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.75	-0.01	-0.01
17	6.022	5.97	5.97	0.05	0.05
18	3.937	3.93	3.91	0.01	0.03
19	8.120	8.10	8.08	0.02	0.04
	14.411	14.40	14.38	0.01	0.03
20	6.077	6.04	6.05	0.04	0.03
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: DS1=0.0342m,DS2=0.0328m

Chikhalidwe 4

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	Zithunzi za GCPs	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	INDE	INDE

Zotsatira Table 4:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) GSD=2cm	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) GSD=1.5cm	DS1 (L0-L1)	DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.21	7.21	7.21	0.00	0.00
	8.706	8.68	8.7	0.03	0.01
	10.961	10.90	10.89	0.06	0.07
2	7.01	6.98	6.99	0.03	0.02
3	1.822	1.80	1.78	0.02	0.04
4	10.41	10.40	10.39	0.01	0.02
5	10.718	10.70	10.69	0.02	0.03
6	13.787	13.77	13.76	0.02	0.03
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
7	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.02	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
8	13.797	13.81	13.8	-0.01	0.00
9	10.374	10.36	10.35	0.01	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
10	4.281	4.16	4.28	0.12	0.00
11	14.675	14.66	14.68	0.02	0.00
11	8.6	8.54	8.53	0.06	0.07
12	13.394	13.35	13.37	0.04	0.02
13	12.94	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.19	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.35	0.02	0.02
15	6.435	6.41	6.4	0.02	0.03
16	3.742	3.72	3.71	0.02	0.03
17	6.022	5.98	5.98	0.04	0.04
18	3.937	3.89	3.89	0.05	0.05
19	8.12	8.12	8.1	0.00	0.02
19	14.411	14.40	14.39	0.01	0.02
20	6.077	6.03	6.03	0.05	0.05
21	13.696	13.66	13.64	0.04	0.06
RMSE: DS1 = 0.0308m, DS2 = 0.0249m

Mapeto

Zosintha za kuyesa 1 ndi:

1: Ndi/Popanda deta ya PPK.

2:Ndi/Popanda GCPs.

3: GSD osiyana: 1.5 cm kapena 2cm

Pambuyo posanthula magawo anayi a data yoyeserera, titha kunena zotsatirazi:

Pamene oblique kamera ndi DG4Pros:

(1) Ndi / Popanda malo olamulira pansi (GCP) ndi deta ya PPK yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi AT triangulation, kaya ndi VTOL kapena multirotor drone, kaya GSD ndi 2cm kapena 1.5cm, chitsanzo cha 3D chomangidwa ndi kamera ya oblique DG4Pros ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za zolakwika zolondola wachibale Ds≤10cm(Zowona ≤5cm).

(2) Pamene GSD ndi mtundu umodzi, kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D ndi GSD = 1.5cm kuli bwino kuposa GSD = 2cm.

Kuyesera 2: zotsatira za mitundu yonyamula ma drone pa kulondola kwachibale kwa mtundu wa 3D

Chikhalidwe 1

Kamera ya oblique	Zithunzi za GCPs	PPK	GSD
Zithunzi za DG4pros	AYI	AYI	1.5cm

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) CW10	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) M600Pro	DS1 (L0-L1)	DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.21	7.20	7.19	0.010	0.02
	8.706	8.65	8.70	0.056	0.01
	10.961	10.90	10.91	0.061	0.05
2	7.01	6.86	6.98	0.150	0.03
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.41	10.37	10.39	0.040	0.02
5	10.718	10.68	10.69	0.038	0.03
6	13.787	13.71	13.76	0.077	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.027	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.50	0.036	0.03
	13.797	13.77	13.77	0.027	0.03
9	10.374	10.35	10.33	0.024	0.04
10	2.109	2.09	2.02	0.019	0.09
	4.281	4.19	4.20	0.091	0.08
11	14.675	14.64	14.65	0.035	0.03
	8.6	8.57	8.57	0.030	0.03
12	13.394	13.38	13.35	0.014	0.04
13	12.94	12.91	12.92	0.030	0.02
14	7.19	7.20	7.17	-0.010	0.02
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.009	0.02
	6.435	6.43	6.41	0.005	0.02
16	3.742	3.70	3.70	0.042	0.04
17	6.022	5.99	5.99	0.032	0.03
18	3.937	3.94	3.89	-0.003	0.05
19	8.12	8.12	8.08	0.000	0.04
	14.411	14.37	14.36	0.041	0.05
20	6.077	6.04	6.06	0.037	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.05
RMSE: DS1=0.0356m,DS2=0.342m

Chikhalidwe 2

Kamera ya oblique	Zithunzi za GCPs	PPK	GSD
Zithunzi za DG4pros	INDE	AYI	1.5cm

Zotsatira Gulu 2:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) CW10	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) M600Pro	DS1 (L0-L1)	DS2 (L0-L2)
1	7.21	7.21	7.21	0	0.00
	8.706	8.68	8.70	0.026	0.01
	10.961	10.87	10.91	0.091	0.05
2	7.01	6.88	6.98	0.13	0.03
3	1.822	1.76	1.80	0.062	0.02
4	10.41	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.72	10.70	-0.002	0.02
6	13.787	13.79	13.75	-0.003	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.02
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.53	7.49	-0.004	0.04
	13.797	13.78	13.79	0.017	0.01
9	10.374	10.37	10.35	0.004	0.02
10	2.109	2.11	2.07	-0.001	0.04
	4.281	4.28	4.21	0.001	0.07
11	14.675	14.67	14.66	0.005	0.02
	8.6	8.58	8.57	0.02	0.03
12	13.394	13.39	13.35	0.004	0.04
13	12.94	12.9	12.93	0.04	0.01
14	7.19	7.19	7.18	0	0.01
15	13.371	13.37	13.36	0.001	0.01
	6.435	6.42	6.42	0.015	0.01
16	3.742	3.7	3.71	0.042	0.03
17	6.022	5.98	6.00	0.042	0.02
18	3.937	3.91	3.91	0.027	0.03
19	8.12	8.07	8.10	0.05	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.35	0.031	0.06
20	6.077	6.04	6.06	0.037	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.046	0.03
RMSE: DS1=0.0259m,DS2=0.256m

Mapeto

Zosiyanasiyana za kuyesa 2 ndi:

1:Ndi/Popanda ma GCP.

2: Different Carrier Drone: VTOL drone kapena multi-rotor drone

Pambuyo pofufuza magulu awiri a deta yoyesera, tikhoza kunena zotsatirazi:

Pamene oblique kamera ndi DG4Pros:

(1) Ndi / Popanda malo olamulira pansi (GCP) kaya ndi VTOL kapena multi-rotor drone, chitsanzo cha 3D chomangidwa ndi kamera ya oblique DG4Pros chikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za zolakwika zolakwika Ds≤10cm (Zowona ≤5cm).

(2) Pamene mitundu yonyamulira ya drone ndiyosiyana imodzi, kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D chokhala ndi ma rotor ambiri ndikwabwino kuposa ndi VTOL, koma kusiyana kwake si kwakukulu kwambiri.

Zam'mbuyo:Momwe kutalika kwapakati kumakhudzira zotsatira za 3D modelling

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Nkhani

Kuyesera 1: zotsatira za GSD pa kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D;

Chikhalidwe 1

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

Chikhalidwe 2

Zotsatira Gulu 2:

Chikhalidwe 3

Zotsatira Table 3:

Chikhalidwe 4

Zotsatira Table 4:

Mapeto

Kuyesera 2: zotsatira za mitundu yonyamula ma drone pa kulondola kwachibale kwa mtundu wa 3D

Chikhalidwe 1

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

Chikhalidwe 2

Zotsatira Gulu 2:

Mapeto

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