Momwe malo owongolera ndi data ya PPK imakhudzira kulondola kwachitsanzo cha 3D

Muzoyesera ziwirizi, tinayambitsa mitundu inayi yosiyana kuti titsimikizire kulondola kwachitsanzo cha 3D. Mitundu inayi yosiyana ndi:

1: Mitundu ya ma drone onyamula: VTOL drone kapena multirotor drone

2: GSD yosiyana

3: Ndi / Popanda malo owongolera

4:Ndi/Popanda deta ya PPK

Kuyesera 1: zotsatira za malo olamulira pansi (GCPs) pa kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D;

Chikhalidwe 1

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	2cm pa	Inde

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) popanda GCP	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) ndi GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.71	8.68	0.00	0.03
	10.961	10.87	10.90	0.09	0.06
2	7.010	6.89	6.98	0.12	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.40	0.02	0.01
5	10.718	10.67	10.70	0.05	0.02
6	13.787	13.75	13.77	0.04	0.02
7	11.404	11.39	11.39	0.01	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.02	0.02
8	7.526	7.51	7.49	0.02	0.04
	13.797	13.79	13.81	0.01	-0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.36	0.02	0.01
10	2.109	2.03	2.02	0.08	0.09
	4.281	4.15	4.16	0.13	0.12
11	14.675	14.61	14.66	0.07	0.02
	8.600	8.60	8.54	0.00	0.06
12	13.394	13.37	13.35	0.02	0.04
13	12.940	12.88	12.89	0.06	0.05
14	7.190	7.20	7.18	-0.01	0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.35	0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.40	6.41	0.03	0.02
16	3.742	3.75	3.72	-0.01	0.02
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.93	3.89	0.01	0.05
19	8.120	8.10	8.12	0.02	0.00
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.01	0.01
20	6.077	6.04	6.03	0.04	0.05
21	13.696	13.65	13.66	0.05	0.04
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0308m

Chikhalidwe 2

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	2cm pa	Ayi

Zotsatira Gulu 2:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) popanda GCP	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) ndi GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.18	0.030	0.030
	8.706	8.69	8.68	0.016	0.026
	10.961	10.89	10.91	0.071	0.051
2	7.010	6.88	6.92	0.130	0.090
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.032
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.020
5	10.718	10.65	10.66	0.068	0.058
6	13.787	13.72	13.77	0.067	0.017
7	11.404	11.41	11.38	-0.006	0.024
	12.147	12.13	12.12	0.017	0.027
8	7.526	7.44	7.47	0.086	0.056
	13.797	13.83	13.83	-0.033	-0.033
9	10.374	10.35	10.34	0.024	0.034
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.079
	4.281	4.14	4.18	0.141	0.101
11	14.675	14.55	14.59	0.125	0.085
	8.600	8.58	8.57	0.020	0.030
12	13.394	13.36	13.35	0.034	0.044
13	12.940	12.95	12.92	-0.010	0.020
14	7.190	7.21	7.21	-0.020	-0.020
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.011
	6.435	6.37	6.43	0.065	0.005
16	3.742	3.74	3.72	0.002	0.022
17	6.022	6.03	6.00	-0.008	0.022
18	3.937	3.91	3.94	0.027	-0.003
19	8.120	8.09	8.09	0.030	0.030
	14.411	14.40	14.41	0.011	0.001
20	6.077	6.06	6.03	0.017	0.047
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0328m

Chikhalidwe 3

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	1.5cm	Inde

Zotsatira Table 3:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) popanda GCP	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) ndi GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.01	0.00
	8.706	8.69	8.7	0.02	0.01
	10.961	10.88	10.89	0.08	0.07
2	7.010	6.87	6.99	0.14	0.02
3	1.822	1.75	1.78	0.07	0.04
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.03	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.69	0.03	0.03
6	13.787	13.78	13.76	0.01	0.03
7	11.404	11.38	11.39	0.02	0.01
	12.147	12.12	12.12	0.03	0.03
8	7.526	7.49	7.51	0.04	0.02
	13.797	13.78	13.8	0.02	0.00
9	10.374	10.34	10.35	0.03	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.11	0.09	0.00
	4.281	4.21	4.28	0.07	0.00
11	14.675	14.65	14.68	0.03	0.00
	8.600	8.57	8.53	0.03	0.07
12	13.394	13.40	13.37	-0.01	0.02
13	12.940	12.89	12.91	0.05	0.03
14	7.190	7.18	7.2	0.01	-0.01
15	13.371	13.38	13.35	-0.01	0.02
	6.435	6.46	6.4	-0.03	0.03
16	3.742	3.75	3.71	-0.01	0.03
17	6.022	5.97	5.98	0.05	0.04
18	3.937	3.91	3.89	0.03	0.05
19	8.120	8.08	8.1	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.38	14.39	0.03	0.02
20	6.077	6.05	6.03	0.03	0.05
21	13.696	13.67	13.64	0.03	0.06
RMSE: Ds1=0.0328m,Ds2=0.0249m

Chikhalidwe 4

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	1.5cm	Ayi

Zotsatira Table 4:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) popanda GCP	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) ndi GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.20	7.21	0.010	0
	8.706	8.65	8.68	0.056	0.026
	10.961	10.90	10.87	0.061	0.091
2	7.010	6.86	6.88	0.150	0.13
3	1.822	1.76	1.76	0.062	0.062
4	10.410	10.37	10.38	0.040	0.03
5	10.718	10.68	10.72	0.038	-0.002
6	13.787	13.71	13.79	0.077	-0.003
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.024	0.024
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.027	0.017
8	7.526	7.49	7.53	0.036	-0.004
	13.797	13.77	13.78	0.027	0.017
9	10.374	10.35	10.37	0.024	0.004
10	2.109	2.09	2.11	0.019	-0.001
	4.281	4.19	4.28	0.091	0.001
11	14.675	14.64	14.67	0.035	0.005
	8.600	8.57	8.58	0.030	0.02
12	13.394	13.38	13.39	0.014	0.004
13	12.940	12.91	12.9	0.030	0.04
14	7.190	7.20	7.19	-0.010	0
15	13.371	13.38	13.37	-0.009	0.001
	6.435	6.43	6.42	0.005	0.015
16	3.742	3.70	3.7	0.042	0.042
17	6.022	5.99	5.98	0.032	0.042
18	3.937	3.94	3.91	-0.003	0.027
19	8.120	8.12	8.07	0.000	0.05
	14.411	14.37	14.38	0.041	0.031
20	6.077	6.04	6.04	0.037	0.037
21	13.696	13.65	13.65	0.046	0.046
RMSE: Ds1=0.0356m,Ds2=0.0259m

Chikhalidwe 5

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	PPK
DJI M600 Pro Multi-rotor	Zithunzi za DG4pros	1.5cm	Ayi

Zotsatira Table 5:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) popanda GCP	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) ndi GCP	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.19	7.21	0.02	0.00
	8.706	8.70	8.70	0.01	0.01
	10.961	10.91	10.91	0.05	0.05
2	7.010	6.98	6.98	0.03	0.03
3	1.822	1.79	1.80	0.03	0.02
4	10.410	10.39	10.39	0.02	0.02
5	10.718	10.69	10.70	0.03	0.02
6	13.787	13.76	13.75	0.03	0.04
7	11.404	11.38	11.38	0.02	0.02
	12.147	12.12	12.13	0.03	0.02
8	7.526	7.50	7.49	0.03	0.04
	13.797	13.77	13.79	0.03	0.01
9	10.374	10.33	10.35	0.04	0.02
10	2.109	2.02	2.07	0.09	0.04
	4.281	4.20	4.21	0.08	0.07
11	14.675	14.65	14.66	0.03	0.02
	8.600	8.57	8.57	0.03	0.03
12	13.394	13.35	13.35	0.04	0.04
13	12.940	12.92	12.93	0.02	0.01
14	7.190	7.17	7.18	0.02	0.01
15	13.371	13.35	13.36	0.02	0.01
	6.435	6.41	6.42	0.02	0.01
16	3.742	3.70	3.71	0.04	0.03
17	6.022	5.99	6.00	0.03	0.02
18	3.937	3.89	3.91	0.05	0.03
19	8.120	8.08	8.10	0.04	0.02
	14.411	14.36	14.35	0.05	0.06
20	6.077	6.06	6.06	0.02	0.02
21	13.696	13.65	13.67	0.05	0.03
RMSE: Ds1=0.0342m,Ds2=0.0256m

Mapeto

Zosintha za kuyesa 1 ndi:

1: Ndi/Popanda deta ya PPK.

2: Mitundu ya ma drone onyamula: VTOL drone kapena ma drone angapo

3: GSD osiyana: 1.5 cm kapena 2cm

Pambuyo posanthula magawo asanu a data yoyeserera, titha kunena zotsatirazi:

Pamene oblique kamera ndi DG4Pros:

(1) Ndi/Popanda malo olamulira (GCP) omwe akukhudzidwa ndi AT triangulation, kaya ndi VTOL kapena multirotor drone, kaya GSD ndi 2cm kapena 1.5cm, chitsanzo cha 3D chomangidwa ndi kamera ya oblique DG4Pros ikhoza kukumana ndi Zofunikira za zolakwika zachibale Ds≤10cm.

(2) Pamene ndi/popanda ma GCP ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, kulondola kwachibale kwa 3D model yokhala ndi GCPs kumakhala bwino kuposa kopanda GCP.

(3) Pamene GSD ndi yosiyana imodzi, kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D kuti GSD 1.5cm ndi yabwino kuposa GSD 2cm.

(4) Pamene chonyamulira drone ndi chosinthika chimodzi, kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma rotor ambiri kuli bwino kusiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito VTOL monga drone chonyamulira.

Kuyesa 2: Popanda GCPs, zotsatira za data ya PPK pa kulondola kwachibale kwa mtundu wa 3D

Chikhalidwe 1

Drone yonyamula	Kamera ya oblique	GSD	Zithunzi za GCPs
Mtengo wa CW10 VTOL	Zithunzi za DG4pros	2cm pa	AYI

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

Chiwerengero cha Zinthu	kutalika kwake (L0)	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L1) popanda PPK	Kutalika kwachitsanzo cha 3D (L2) ndi PPK	Ds1 (L0-L1)	Ds2 (L0-L2)
1	7.210	7.18	7.20	0.030	0.01
	8.706	8.69	8.71	0.016	0.00
	10.961	10.89	10.87	0.071	0.09
2	7.010	6.88	6.89	0.130	0.12
3	1.822	1.76	1.79	0.062	0.03
4	10.410	10.38	10.39	0.030	0.02
5	10.718	10.65	10.67	0.068	0.05
6	13.787	13.72	13.75	0.067	0.04
7	11.404	11.41	11.39	-0.006	0.01
	12.147	12.13	12.13	0.017	0.02
8	7.526	7.44	7.51	0.086	0.02
	13.797	13.83	13.79	-0.033	0.01
9	10.374	10.35	10.35	0.024	0.02
10	2.109	1.98	2.03	0.129	0.08
	4.281	4.14	4.15	0.141	0.13
11	14.675	14.55	14.61	0.125	0.07
	8.600	8.58	8.60	0.020	0.00
12	13.394	13.36	13.37	0.034	0.02
13	12.940	12.95	12.88	-0.010	0.06
14	7.190	7.21	7.20	-0.020	-0.01
15	13.371	13.36	13.36	0.011	0.01
	6.435	6.37	6.40	0.065	0.03
16	3.742	3.74	3.75	0.002	-0.01
17	6.022	6.03	5.97	-0.008	0.05
18	3.937	3.91	3.93	0.027	0.01
19	8.120	8.09	8.10	0.030	0.02
	14.411	14.40	14.40	0.011	0.01
20	6.077	6.06	6.04	0.017	0.04
21	13.696	13.68	13.65	0.016	0.05
RMSE Ds1=0.0397m,Ds2=0.0342m

Zam'mbuyo:Momwe kusintha kwa chromatic ndi kupotoza kumakhudzira ima

Ena:Momwe kutalika kwapakati kumakhudzira zotsatira za 3D modelling

Bwererani

RIY oblique makamera

Makamera a lens amodzi a RIE

Zida

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Phunzirani ntchito mu mphindi 10

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Nkhani

Kuyesera 1: zotsatira za malo olamulira pansi (GCPs) pa kulondola kwachibale kwa chitsanzo cha 3D;

Chikhalidwe 1

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

Chikhalidwe 2

Zotsatira Gulu 2:

Chikhalidwe 3

Zotsatira Table 3:

Chikhalidwe 4

Zotsatira Table 4:

Chikhalidwe 5

Zotsatira Table 5:

Mapeto

Kuyesa 2: Popanda GCPs, zotsatira za data ya PPK pa kulondola kwachibale kwa mtundu wa 3D

Chikhalidwe 1

Zotsatira Gulu 1:

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